Document format

.csv

Comma-Separated Values

CSV is the simplest tabular data format — rows of values separated by commas. It's the universal exchange format for data between databases, spreadsheets, and programming languages.

MIME type

text/csv

Developer

IBM (original concept)

Introduced

1972

Advantages

  • Universal data exchange format
  • Human-readable plain text
  • Tiny file sizes
  • Supported by every data tool

Limitations

  • No formatting or styling
  • No data types — everything is text
  • Encoding and delimiter issues common
  • No support for multiple sheets or formulas

When to use CSV

Data import and export
Database migrations
API data exchange
Data science and analysis pipelines

Technical details

CSV files are plain text with values separated by commas (or other delimiters). Fields containing commas or newlines are enclosed in double quotes. There is no official standard, though RFC 4180 provides guidelines.

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